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A Caesarian section (often C-section, also other spellings) is a surgical procedure in which one or more incisions are made through a mother's abdomen and uterus to deliver one or more babies. A Caesarean section is often performed when a vaginal delivery would put the baby's or mother's life or health at risk. Some are also performed upon request without a medical reason to do so. The World Health Organization recommends that they should only be done based on medical need.〔 C-sections result in a small overall increase in poor outcomes, in low risk pregnancies.〔 The poor outcomes that occur with C-sections, differ from those that occur with vaginal delivery. Established guidelines recommend that caesarean sections not be used before 39 weeks without a medical indication to perform the surgery.〔, which cites * 〕 In many countries, C-section procedures are used more frequently than is necessary, and consequently governments and health organizations, promote programs to reduce the use of c section in favor of using vaginal delivery. The international healthcare community has considered the rate of 10% and 15% to be ideal for caesarean sections since 1985.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/161442/1/WHO_RHR_15.02_eng.pdf )〕 The first modern Caesarean section was performed by German gynecologist Ferdinand Adolf Kehrer in 1881. == Uses == Caesarean section is recommended when vaginal delivery might pose a risk to the mother or baby. C-sections are also carried out for personal and social reasons. Systematic reviews have found no strong evidence about the impact of caesareans for non-medical reasons. Recommendations encourage counseling to identify the reasons for the request, addressing anxieties and information, and encouraging vaginal birth.〔〔http://www.acog.org/Resources-And-Publications/Committee-Opinions/Committee-on-Ethics/Elective-Surgery-and-Patient-Choice〕 Elective cesareans at 38 weeks showed increased health complications in the newborn.〔Current Opinion in Obstetrics & Gynecology. 27(2):121-7, 2015 Apr.〕 Planned caesarean sections also known as elective caesarean sections should not be scheduled before 39 weeks gestational age unless there is a medical reason to do so. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Caesarean section」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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